CH12 α, β GRK 102 Handout
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1 CH12 α, β GRK 102 Handout 1. QUIZ QUOTE. Φιλέλλην δὲ γενόμενος ὁ Ἄμασις ἄλλα τε ἐς Ἑλλήνων μετεξετέρους ἀπεδέξατο καὶ δὴ καὶ τοῖσι ἀπικνεομένοισι ἐς Αἴγυπτον ἔδωκε Ναύκρατιν πόλιν ἐνοικῆσαι. 2. REVIEW: What is aorist? Simple action, often with some sort of past time reference. Mood-time scheme: Always augmented: o Indicative: simple past Never augmented: o Imperative: simple present o Infinitive: mostly simple present o Participle: mostly time before 3. Sigmatic ( with sigma ) 1 st aor. stem formation (a) παιδεύ-ω educate: 1. add sigma => παιδεύσ- 2. add alpha to stem => παιδεύσα- except for certain forms 3 rd sing. active indic. -ε(ν), 2 nd sing. active imperat. -ον, 2 nd sing. middle indic. -ω. 3. form aor indicative stem with AUGMENT ἐ- παίδευσα. But not imperative, inf, ptc.! 4. Consonant & vowel stem changes as with sigmatic future forms: λείβω (pour) labial stems. I poured ἔλειψα. σπεύδω ἔσπευσα. dental stem δ ζ τ θ: make it σ πράττω (root πρακ-, accomplish, do ) velar κ χ γ ξ θεωρέω (vowel contract verb) lengthen stem vowel: ἐθεώρησα
2 GRK 102 CH12α, β 1/28/ Regular vowel-contract stem formation: 1st aorists act/mid (3 rd princ. part) and act/mid futures (2 nd princ part). These verbs will be given in the vocabulary in back without principal parts. Idea is for you to learn patterns, as for instance for: So, PARADIGM. o τιμάω ( honor ), φιλέω ( love ), δουλόω ( enslave ) o Lengthen the stem vowel τιμη, φιλη, δουλω o Add the usual sigma plus tense-appropriate vowel and ending. To aorists, add augment: τιμήσω, ἐτίμησα φιλήσω, ἐφίλησα δουλώσω, ἐδούλωσα λύω λύσω ἔλυσα ( loosen, free )/λύομαι etc. ( ransom ) ἔ-λυσ-α ἐ-λυσ-άμην ἔ-λυσ-ας ἐ-λύσ-ω ἔ-λυσ-ε(ν) ἐ-λύσ-ατο ἐ-λύσ-αμεν ἐ-λυσ-άμεθα ἐ-λύσ-ατε ἐ-λύσ-ασθε ἔ-λυσ-αν ἐ-λύσ-αντο λῦσ-ον λῦσ-αι λύσ-ατε λύσ-ασθε λῦσ-αι λύσ-ασθαι λύσ-ας, λύσασ-α, λῦσ-αν λυσ-άμενος, λυσ-αμένη, λυσ-άμενον (λύσαντος, λυσάσης, etc.)
3 GRK 102 CH12α, β 1/28/ st versus 2 nd Aorist λείπω, λείψω, ἔλιπον 2 nd aor. leave (something behind). λύω, λύσω, ἔλυσα 1 st aor. free, loosen (middle, ransom ). 2 nd aor. 1 st aor. 2 nd aor. 1 st aor. ἔ-λιπ-ον ἔ-λυσ-α ἐ-λιπ-όμην ἐ-λυσ-άμην ἔ-λιπ-ες ἔ-λυσ-ας ἐ-λίπ-ου ἐ-λύσ-ω ἔ-λιπ-ε(ν) ἔ-λυσ-ε(ν) ἐ-λίπ-ετο ἐ-λύσ-ατο ἐ-λίπ-ομεν ἐ-λύσ-αμεν ἐ-λιπ-όμεθα ἐ-λυσ-άμεθα ἐ-λίπ-ετε ἐ-λύσ-ατε ἐ-λίπ-εσθε ἐ-λύσ-ασθε ἔ-λιπ-ον ἔ-λυσ-αν ἐ-λίπ-οντο ἐ-λύσ-αντο λίπ-ε λῦσ-ον λιπ-οῦ λῦσ-αι λίπ-ετε λύσ-ατε λίπ-εσθε λύσ-ασθε λιπ-εῖν λῦσ-αι λιπ-έσθαι λύσ-ασθαι λιπ-ών, λιπ-οῦσα, λιπ-όν λύσ-ας, λύσ-ασα, λῦσ-αν λιπ-όμενος, λιπ-ομένη, λιπ-όμενον λυσ-άμενος, λυσ-αμένη, λυσ-άμενον 6. Vocab ὁ ἡμίωνος, -ου. mule. (lit ½ onos-donkey. ) ὁ ὅμιλος, -ου. crowd. In later sense of address to a crowd, becomes root for English homily. γεραιός, -ά, όν. aged. from γέρων, old man. ὀρθός, -ή, -όν, straight, right-correct. (Compare English orthopedics. ) τάχιστα very/most quickly is superlative adv. from adjective ταχύς, -εῖα, -ύ, fast. ὡς τάχιστα, as quickly as possible. I.e., ὡς plus any superlative adj/adv = as X as possible. καίπερ. with participles, carries concessive force: καίπερ τρέχων, ὅμως ἀφικνεῖται οὐκ ἐν ὥρᾳ. Although hurrying, still, he arrives not on time. ἐξ-ηγοῦμαι τί ὁ Φίλιππος ἔπαθεν. I relate/explain/describe/recount/tell what Philip suffered. Compound verb from ἡγέομαι, as in ἡγοῦμαι τοῖς φίλοις, I guide/lead my friends. φαίνομαι πονεῖν ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ. I appear to work (φαίνομαι + inf) in the field.
4 GRK 102 CH12α, β 1/28/ φαίνομαι πονῶν ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ. I am manifestly/obviously/plain to see working (φαίνομαι + ptc) in the field. ἔμπορος merchant ναύκληρος ship-captain ναύτης sailor (from ναῦς) τότε then, at that time 7. Asigmatic ( no sigma ) First Aorists. Asigmatic ( no sigma ) first aorists drop the sigma from the aorist stem, but preserve alpha (-α-) as vowel to which to add most endings Most present verb stems in μ, ν, λ, ρ in aorist are asigmatic Aorist stem can differ from present, for instance, iota added or dropped. But study each verb as special no hard and fast rule!
5 GRK 102 CH12α, β 1/28/ Asigmatic First Aorists, EXAMPLES: μένω (pres.), μενῶ (fut. not μένσω!), ἔμεινα (aor. not ἔμενσα!), LIFT ἔ-μειν-α ἐ-μειν-άμην ἔ-μειν-ας ἐ-μείν-ω ἔ-μειν-ε(ν) ἐ-μείν-ατο ἐ-μείν-αμεν ἐ-μειν-άμεθα ἐ-μείν-ατε ἐ-μείν-ασθε ἔ-μειν-αν ἐ-μείν-αντο μεῖν-ον μεῖν-αι μεί-ατε μείν-ασθε μεῖν-αι μεί-ασθαι μείν-ας, μείνασ-α, μεῖν-αν μειν-άμενος, μειν-αμένη, μειν-άμενον (μείναντος, μείνάσης, etc.) αἴρω (pres.), ἀρῶ (fut. not αἴρσω!), ἦρα (aor. not ᾔρσα!), LIFT ἦρ-α ἠρ-άμην ἦρ-ας ἤρ-ω ἦρ-ε(ν) ἤρ-ατο ἤρ-αμεν ἠρ-άμεθα ἤρ-ατε ἤρ-ασθε ἦρ-αν ἤρ-αντο ἄρ-ον ἄρ-αι ἄρ-ατε ἄρ-ασθε ἄρ-αι ἄρ-ασθαι ἄρ-ας, ἄρασ-α, ἄρ-αν ἀρ-άμενος, ἀρ-αμένη, ἀρ-άμενον (ἄραντος, ἀράσης, etc.)
6 GRK 102 CH12α, β 1/28/ Challenging principal parts (first 3) so far... Asigmatic futures/1 st aorists light blue 2 nd aorists light gray present fut. aor. ἄγω ἄξω ἤγαγ-ον (ἀγαγ-) lead αἱρέω αἱρήσω εἷλον (ἑλ-) take αἴρω ἀρῶ ἦρ-α (ἀρ-) lift ἁκούω ἀκούσομαι ἤκουσα hear/listen ἀποκτείνω ἀποκτενῶ ἀπ-έ-κτειν-α kill ἁμαρτάνω ἁμαρτήσομαι ἥμαρτ-ον (ἁμαρτ-) miss, err ἀπο-θνῄσκω ἀπο-θανοῦμαι ἀπ-έ-θαν-ον die ἀφ-ικνέομαι ἀφ-ίξομαι ἀφ-ῑκ-όμην (ἱκ-, short ι) arrive αἱρέω αἱρήσω εἷλ-ον (ἑλ-) take, capture βαδίζω βαδιῶ ἐβάδισα walk βαίνω βήσομαι (aor. next sem.) go βάλλω βαλῶ ἔ-βαλ-ον throw βλέπω βλέψομαι ἔβλεψα look (at) βούλομαι βουλήσομαι (no aor. middle) wish γίγνομαι γενήσομαι ἐ-γεν-όμην become γιγνώσκω γνώσομαι (aor. next sem.) learn/find out δοκέω δόξω ἔ-δοξ-α seem ἐθέλω ἐθελήσω ἠθέλησα (ἐθελησ-) wish εἰμί ἔσομαι (no aor.) be ἐλαύνω ἐλῶ (ἐλ-ά-ω) ἤλασα (ἐλασ-) drive ἕπομαι ἕψομαι ἑ-σπ-όμην (σπ-) follow ἐργάζομαι ἐργάσομαι ἠργασάμην / εἰργασάμην work ἐρωτάω ἐρωτήσω ἠρώτησα/ ask ἠρόμην ἐγείρω ἐγερῶ ἤγειρ-α (ἐγειρ-) rouse ἐθέλω ἐθελήσω ἠθέλησα want/will ἔρχομαι εἶμι ἦλθ-ον (ἐλθ-) come, go ἐρωτάω ἐρῶ ἠρ-όμην (ἐρ-) ask ἐσθίω ἔδω ἔ-φαγ-ον eat εὑρίσκω εὑρήσομαι ηὗρ-ον / εὗρ-ον (εὑρ-) find ἔχω ἕξω / σχήσω ἔ-σχ-ον (σχ-) have (or get) θαυμάζω θαυμάσομαι ἐθαύμασα wonder καίω/κάω καύσω ἔ-καυσ-α burn καλέω καλῶ ἐ-κάλεσ-α call κάμνω καμοῦμαι ἔ-καμ-ον am tired κομίζω κομιῶ ἐκόμισα convey κόπτω κόπψω ἔκοψα strike/knock κρίνω κρινῶ ἔ-κριν-α judge λαμβάνω λήψομαι ἔ-λαβ-ον take λανθάνω λήσω ἔ-λαθ-ον escape notice
7 GRK 102 CH12α, β 1/28/ present fut. aor. λέγω ἐρῶ εἶπ-ον (εἰπ-) say, speak λείπω λείψω ἔ-λιπ-ον leave μανθάνω μαθήσομαι ἔ-μαθ-ον learn μάχομαι μαχοῦμαι ἐ-μαχεσ-άμην fight μένω μενῶ ἔ-μειν-α wait ὁράω ὄψομαι εἶδ-ον (ἰδ-) see πάσχω πείσομαι ἔ-παθ-ον suffer πίνω πίομαι ἔ-πι-ον drink πίπτω πεσοῦμαι ἔ-πεσ-ον fall πλέω πλεύσομαι/πλευσοῦμαι ἔ-πλευσ-α sail πράττω πράξω ἔ-πραξ-α do πυνθάνομαι πεύσομαι ἐ-πυθ-όμην inquire σκοπέω σκέψομαι ἔσκεψάμην examine τέμνω τεμῶ ἔ-τεμ-ον cut τρέχω δραμοῦμαι ἔ-δραμ-ον run τυγχάνω τεύξομαι ἔ-τυχ-ον hit the mark τύπτω τυπτήσω (no other princ. pts.) hit, strike φαίνομαι φανοῦμαι ἐ-φην-άμην seem φέρω οἴσω ἤνεγκον (ἐνεγκ-) carry φεύγω φεύξομαι ἔ-φυγ-ον flee φησί ἔφη (imperfect) he says/said φροντίζω φροντιῶ ἐφρόντισα worry, care φυλάττω φυλάξω ἐ-φύλαξα guard
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